@InProceedings{WarnerSaRuBuLyOr:2012:TrUpLi,
               author = "Warner, Tom A. and Saba, Marcelo Magalh{\~a}es Fares and Rudge, 
                         S. and Bunkers, Matthew and Lyons, Walter A and Orville, Richard 
                         E.",
          affiliation = "Dept. of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, South Dakota 
                         School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Triggered Upward Lightning from Towers in Rapid City, South 
                         Dakota",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2012",
         organization = "International Lightning Detection Conference, 22.",
             keywords = "upward lightning, high-speed video, lightning, leader.",
             abstract = "Observations of upward lightning from tall objects have been 
                         reported since 1939. Interest in this subject has grown recently, 
                         some of it because of the rapid expansion of wind power 
                         generation. Also, with the increasing number of tall buildings and 
                         towers, there will be a corresponding increase in the number of 
                         upward lightning flashes from these structures. Reports from 
                         recent field observations are beginning to address the nature of 
                         upward lightning initiation, but much still needs to be learned. 
                         Examples are studies of upward lightning from towers in winter 
                         thunderstorms in Japan (Wang and Takagi, 2010; and Lu et al., 
                         2009) and summer thunderstorms in Europe (Miki et al., 2005; 
                         Flache et al., 2008; and Diendorfer et al., 2009; Zhou et al., 
                         2011) and in North America (Mazur and Ruhnke, 2011; Hussein et 
                         al., 2011; Warner, 2011, and Warner et al., 2011). This paper 
                         describes a field campaign to study upward lightning for the first 
                         time in Brazil. A combination of high-speed video and standard 
                         definition video were used to record upward lightning flashes from 
                         multiple towers in Sao Paulo, Brazil, a city located in 
                         southeastern Brazil with a population over 10 million people, an 
                         average elevation of around 800 meters above sea level, and a 
                         flash density of 15 flashes/km2/year. Observations made with these 
                         assets were analyzed along with BrasilDAT Lightning Detection 
                         Network and a lightning mapping array (LMA).",
  conference-location = "Broomfield, CO",
      conference-year = "2012",
                label = "lattes: 0505123426174183 2 WarnerSaRuBuLy:2012:TrUpLi",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Upward Lightning in Brazil.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}